What did the term "New South" refer to in the late 19th century?

The term "New South" in the late 19th century refers to an economic shift from agriculture to industrialization. Following the Civil War, the Southern economy was largely dependent on agriculture, particularly cotton production, and was significantly impacted by the war and the abolition of slavery. The "New South" movement aimed to transform the region by promoting industrial growth, diversification of the economy, and attracting Northern investments.

Proponents of the "New South" envisioned a modern economy characterized by factories, railroads, and urban centers, moving away from the agrarian economy that had previously dominated the South. This shift included the establishment of textile mills and other industries, which served to create jobs and foster economic development beyond traditional cotton farming. The idea was popularized by Southern leaders and writers who sought to rebrand the South’s economic outlook and project a vision of progress and modernization.

Understanding the context of the "New South" is essential, as it encapsulates a pivotal shift in Southern economic philosophy and practices during this period, distinguishing it from previous reliance on agriculture.