What did the term "Social Darwinism" imply during the late 19th century?

The term "Social Darwinism" during the late 19th century implied the idea that social policies should mirror natural selection. This ideology adopted Charles Darwin’s concepts of natural selection to apply to society, arguing that human societies and individuals compete for survival just as species do in the natural world. Proponents believed that just as the “fittest” animals adapted and thrived, in society, those who were stronger, wealthier, or more capable would rise to the top, while those who were weaker or less capable would naturally fall behind.

This philosophy was often used to justify social inequality, imperialism, and laissez-faire capitalism, positing that governmental intervention to assist the less fortunate would hinder societal progress by disrupting the natural process of competition and survival. Thus, "Survival of the fittest" became a common motto among those advocating for minimal regulation of business and society.

In contrast, the other choices do not encapsulate the essence of Social Darwinism. The belief in equal opportunity for all classes and the concept of universal human rights promote inclusivity and support for the disadvantaged, fundamentally opposing Social Darwinism’s emphasis on competition and hierarchy. Similarly, the notion that workers should unite for stronger rights aligns more closely with socialist and labor movements, which focus